The following text is a paragraph (IX.) taken from a Special Message to the Congress on Urgent National Needs President John F. Kennedy Delivered in person before a joint session of Congress May 25, 1961 Listen to this excerpt by RealAudio stream

IX. SPACE

     Finally, if we are to win the battle that is now going on around the world between freedom and tyranny, the dramatic achievements in space which occurred in recent weeks should have made clear to us all, as did the Sputnik in 1957, the
impact of this adventure on the minds of men everywhere, who are attempting to make a determination of which road they
should take. Since early in my term, our efforts in space have been under review. With the advice of the Vice President, who
is Chairman of the National Space Council, we have examined where we are strong and where we are not, where we may
succeed and where we may not. Now it is time to take longer strides--time for a great new American enterprise--time for this
nation to take a clearly leading role in space achievement, which in many ways may hold the key to our future on earth.

     I believe we possess all the resources and talents necessary. But the facts of the matter are that we have never made
the national decisions or marshalled the national resources required for such leadership. We have never specified long-range
goals on an urgent time schedule, or managed our resources and our time so as to insure their fulfillment.

     Recognizing the head start obtained by the Soviets with their large rocket engines, which gives them many months of
leadtime, and recognizing the likelihood that they will exploit this lead for some time to come in still more impressive
successes, we nevertheless are required to make new efforts on our own. For while we cannot guarantee that we shall one
day be first, we can guarantee that any failure to make this effort will make us last. We take an additional risk by making it
in full view of the world, but as shown by the feat of astronaut Shepard, this very risk enhances our stature when we are
successful. But this is not merely a race. Space is open to us now; and our eagerness to share its meaning is not governed
by the efforts of others. We go into space because whatever mankind must undertake, free men must fully share.

     I therefore ask the Congress, above and beyond the increases I have earlier requested for space activities, to provide the
funds which are needed to meet the following national goals:

     First, I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on
the moon and returning him safely to the earth. No single space project in this period will be more impressive to mankind, or
more important for the long-range exploration of space; and none will be so difficult or expensive to accomplish. We propose
to accelerate the development of the appropriate lunar space craft. We propose to develop alternate liquid and solid fuel
boosters, much larger than any now being developed, until certain which is superior. We propose additional funds for other
engine development and for unmanned explorations--explorations which are particularly important for one purpose which this
nation will never overlook: the survival of the man who first makes this daring flight. But in a very real sense, it will not be one
man going to the moon--if we make this judgment affirmatively, it will be an entire nation. For all of us must work to put him
there.

     Secondly, an additional 23 million dollars, together with 7 million dollars already available, will accelerate development of
the Rover nuclear rocket. This gives promise of some day providing a means for even more exciting and ambitious
exploration of space, perhaps beyond the moon, perhaps to the very end of the solar system itself.

     Third, an additional 50 million dollars will make the most of our present leadership, by accelerating the use of space
satellites for world-wide communications.

     Fourth, an additional 75 million dollars--of which 53 million dollars is for the Weather Bureau--will help give us at the
earliest possible time a satellite system for world-wide weather observation.

     Let it be clear--and this is a judgment which the Members of the Congress must finally make--let it be clear that I am
asking the Congress and the country to accept a firm commitment to a new course of action, a course which will last for
many years and carry very heavy costs: 531 million dollars in fiscal '62--an estimated seven to nine billion dollars additional
over the next five years. If we are to go only half way, or reduce our sights in the face of difficulty, in my judgment it would be
better not to go at all.

     Now this is a choice which this country must make, and I am confident that under the leadership of the Space
Committees of the Congress, and the Appropriating Committees, that you will consider the matter carefully.

     It is a most important decision that we make as a nation. But all of you have lived through the last four years and have
seen the significance of space and the adventures in space, and no one can predict with certainty what the ultimate
meaning will be of mastery of space.

     I believe we should go to the moon. But I think every citizen of this country as well as the Members of the Congress
should consider the matter carefully in making their judgment, to which we have given attention over many weeks and
months, because it is a heavy burden, and there is no sense in agreeing or desiring that the United States take an
affirmative position in outer space, unless we are prepared to do the work and bear the burdens to make it successful. If we
are not, we should decide today and this year.

     This decision demands a major national commitment of scientific and technical manpower, materiel and facilities, and
the possibility of their diversion from other important activities where they are already thinly spread. It means a degree of
dedication, organization and discipline which have not always characterized our research and development efforts. It means
we cannot afford undue work stoppages, inflated costs of material or talent, wasteful interagency rivalries, or a high turnover
of key personnel.

     New objectives and new money cannot solve these problems. They could in fact, aggravate them further--unless every
scientist, every engineer, every serviceman, every technician, contractor, and civil servant gives his personal pledge that this
nation will move forward, with the full speed of freedom, in the exciting adventure of space.

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